花旗国的半边天

最近《人物》杂志公布了2012年度“全球美人榜”。碧昂斯荣登榜首，成为九年来首位被《人物》评为最美丽人物的黑人女性。很多读者都对这本杂志年度最美丽人物的评选翘首以待，但也有人提出这样的疑问：美的定义是什么？什么才是评判女人美丽的标准？

Recently, People magazine released its 2012 issue of the world’s most beautiful people.  Topping the list was Beyoncé, the first time in nine years that a black woman has made it to the top of People’s ranking.  Although many of the magazine’s readers look forward to the yearly issue of most beautiful people, other people raise questions about the definition of beauty, and the standards used to judge “beautiful” women.

In the 22 year history of People’s most beautiful woman, black women only topped the list twice: Beyoncé in this year’s issue, and Halle

四月初，威斯康辛州州长斯科特·沃克（Scott Walker）宣布废除了2009年颁布的同工同酬法案。这不是一部专门用来保障女性获取平等薪酬权利的法律，但却的确帮助了许多女性雇员在职场歧视案件中争取到应有的赔偿。尽管美国政府有专门的法律保护人们不受性别、国籍、种族、年龄、性别等各种歧视，大多数州政府还是另外颁布了一些法律来保障平等权利。而这一部法律在2009年颁布，当时威斯康辛州的职场性别平等水平在全国排名第三十六。在法律颁布一年以后，威斯康辛州的职场性别平等程度攀升至全国二十四名，女性的收入占男性收入的78%，超过了国内的平均水平。

In early April, the governor of Wisconsin, Scott Walker, repealed the state’s 2009 Equal Pay Enforcement Act.  Although this law did not specifically seek to ensure equal pay for women, it did allow employees of workplace discrimination to seek damages in state court.  Although the American government does have laws protecting people from discrimination on the basis of gender, national origin, race, age, disability,

最近，一个名为monster.com的求职网站公布了五个由女性主导的高薪职业，这些职业年薪都超过十万美元。前面我们提到，女性在某些职业领域处于劣势地位，在企业的行政管理领域尤其处于下风。然而在美国仍存在一些以女性为主的高薪职业。比如产科医师或妇科医生、麻醉护士、药剂师和验光师总人数中女性的比例分别为65%，57%、50%和56%，另外，妇女占高级营销经理总人数的比例也高达58%。

A recent article by monster.com, a job-search website, highlighted five women-dominated careers that pay over $100,000 per year.  As previously discussed, women are at a significant disadvantage when it comes to certain careers, especially executive positions within companies.  However, in America, some of the best paying careers dominated by women include: obstetrician/gynecologist (65% women), nurse anesthetist (57% women), pharmacist (50% women), optometrist (56% women), and senior program marketing manager (58% women).

从最近一篇新闻报道的印度女科学家伊丽莎白·阿巴（Elizabeth Abba）身上，我们看到了留美女学生的无限机遇。阿巴于2008年赴美国圣地亚哥州立大学留学，后来凭借对空气污染的研究和留美所学来为她的祖国防治污染。她目前已经是孟买一所高校（the K.J Somaiya College of Science and Commerce）的讲师。在那里，阿巴给研究生传授的一切与空气质量监控，水质调控和土壤样品相关的知识，都是她在留学过程中所获得的。

A recent article about a young scientist from India, Elizabeth Abba, demonstrates the opportunities women have when they study abroad.  Abba, who studied at San Diego State University (SDSU) in 2008, used her research about air pollution, and the knowledge she gained through her time studying in the United States to help her own country to fight pollution.  She is currently a lecturer in Mumbai, at the K.J Somaiya College of Science and Commerce, where she

世界经济论坛每年都会发布一份反映全球性别平等程度的报告，旨在通过这些评估数据来造福女性。世界经济论坛收集的数据还会为众多研究人员、学者、团体和政府视为权威的标准，成为推动国内外改革的动力。报告还指出，一些国家虽然物资短缺，但却致力于创造一个性别平等的社会，性别平等程度很高。相反，有些国家经济繁荣，在提高性别平等程度方面的努力却远远不足。世界经济论坛编汇的数据反映了六年间对每个国家的跟踪记录，清晰说明了他们的性别平等程度是不断提高，还是毫无进步。

Every year, the World Economic Forum releases its report on gender equality throughout the world.  One of the main goals and results of the report on gender equality is to empower women through the statistics.  Furthermore, many researchers, students, organizations, and governments use the data gathered by the World Economic Forum to use as benchmarks for initiating change on both domestic and international levels.  The report also points out that some